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Experimental archaeology of palaeosols in the UK

Martin Bell (University of Reading, UK)

Abstract

Between 1985 and 1991 Dr Peter Reynolds established 4 octagonal experimental earthworks under the umbrella of the Butser Ancient Farm, UK: one each on Lower, Middle and Upper Chalk and one on aeolian drift. The soils below them have now been investigated 20 years after burial to examine post burial changes in terms of faunal processes, soil chemistry and the preservation of biota. This evidence can be compared to that from the linear experimental earthworks at Overton Down, Wiltshire (Upper Chalk) and Wareham Heath, Dorset (Tertiary sands) sectioned at intervals over 32 years. Comparisons highlight the unique characteristics of each site and the importance of adequate experimental replication. Decadal scale experiments are relevant because many changes to buried soils are rapid following burial, and within 10-20 years quasi-equilibrium is achieved. Thus 20- to 32-year-old buried soils are similar in appearance, and some properties, to those of prehistory.